Washer: when connecting mechanical parts with bolts and nuts, a metal sheet is often added between the nut and the bearing plane. It is generally a flat metal ring, which is used to protect the surface of the connected part from the scratch of the nut and disperse the pressure of the nut on the connected part. Commonly used washers generally include ordinary washers and spring washers. Washers are divided into: flat washer - grade C, large washer - grades A and C, extra large washer - grade C, small washer - grade A, flat washer - grade A, flat washer - chamfered type - grade A, high-strength washer for steel structure, spherical washer, conical washer, square and oblique washer for I-beam, square and oblique washer for channel steel, etc.
Effect: 1. When the connecting surface is rough, uneven or inclined, it can be used as a smooth and flat bearing surface; 2. Increase the stress area and reduce the pressure per unit area; 3. Protect the working surface from scratching; 4. Prevent the nut from loosening.
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